Difference between parametric and non parametric tests
Learn about the key differences between parametric and non parametric tests in statistics. Explore their definitions, assumptions, central tendency values, and examples. Understand when to use each type of test and their applicability to different types of data. Gain insights into the advantages of nonparametric tests and the accuracy of parametric tests. Discover the characteristics that set these tests apart and their implications for statistical analysis.
Parametric and Non-parametric Tests: What is the Main difference?
The key difference between parametric and non parametric tests lies in their fundamental principles and statistical approaches. While parametric tests rely on statistical distributions within the data, nonparametric tests do not depend on any specific distribution.
Parametric Test: Definition and Assumptions
In the field of Statistics, a parametric test is a hypothesis test that aims to make inferences about the mean of the original population. This type of test is conducted based on parameters and assumes knowledge of the population distributions. The commonly used t-test utilizes the students’ t-statistic, which is applicable when specific conditions are met.
Parametric tests rely on the assumption of a normal distribution for the underlying variables. The mean value is considered, either known or estimated, while identifying the sample from the population. These tests are most effective when the variables of interest are measured on an interval scale.
Non parametric Test: Definition and Characteristics
Contrary to parametric tests, nonparametric tests do not require any assumptions about the population distribution or distinct parameters. These tests are also hypothesis-based but do not rely on underlying assumptions. Instead, they focus on differences in medians and are often referred to as distribution-free tests.
Non parametric tests are particularly suitable for variables determined on a nominal or ordinal level. They are commonly employed when dealing with non-metric independent variables. The central tendency is measured using the median value, and these tests offer flexibility by not relying on any specific probability distribution.
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Key Differences between Parametric and Non parametric Tests
The key differences between parametric and non parametric tests can be summarized as follows:
- Assumptions: Parametric tests require assumptions about the data distribution, while non parametric tests do not have such assumptions.
- Central Tendency Value: Parametric tests use the mean value to measure central tendency, whereas non parametric tests use the median value.
- Correlation: Parametric tests employ Pearson correlation, while non parametric tests use Spearman correlation.
- Probabilistic Distribution: Parametric tests assume a normal distribution, while non parametric tests can be applied to arbitrary distributions.
- Population Knowledge: Parametric tests require knowledge about the population, whereas non parametric tests do not have this requirement.
- Applicability: Parametric tests are suitable for interval data, while non parametric tests are used for nominal data.
- Examples: Parametric tests include z-test and t-test, while non parametric tests include Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney.
Examples of parametric tests and Their Non-Parametric Test Equivalents
| Parametric tests | Non-parametric tests Equivalent |
| Paired t-test/dependent t-test | Wilcoxon signed-rank test |
| Pearson’s Correlation | Spearman’s Correlation |
| Independent sample t-test | Mann-Whitney U-test |
| One-Way ANOVA | Kruskall-wallis test |
| Two-Way ANOVA | Friedman test |
FAQs
What is the advantage of using nonparametric tests?
Non parametric tests do not depend on any specific distribution, making them robust and applicable in a broader range of situations.
What is the advantage of using parametric tests?
Parametric tests rely on statistical data and have a higher likelihood of accuracy.
What central tendency values are considered for parametric and non parametric tests?
Parametric tests consider the mean value, while nonparametric tests take the median value into consideration.
What are examples of parametric tests?
Examples of parametric tests include the t-test and z-test in statistics.
What are examples of nonparametric tests?
Examples of nonparametric tests are the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test.
